F.A.Q

  • Encoder product model list
    HEIDENHAIN / SUMTAK / Encoder product model list[ PDF file ]
  • Measuring angles with rotary encoders
    Pulse (PPR) square wave, also known as rectangular wave.

    ■ Number of output pulses / revolution (PPR) The number of pulses output by one revolution of the rotary encoder is usually the same as the number of grooves of the encoder inside the rotary encoder for an optical rotary encoder (the output pulse The number increased to 2 times the number of slots 4 times).

    ■ Resolution The resolution indicates the maximum equivalent of position data read out by rotating the rotary encoder spindle one revolution. The absolute value type is not output as a pulse, but represents the current spindle position (angle) in code form. Unlike incremental, it is equivalent to an incremental "output pulse / revolution"?

    ■ grating optical rotary encoder, the grating of both metal and glass. In the case of metal, there is a through- hole opening; in the case of glass, a light-shielding film is applied to the surface of the glass without transparent lines (grooves). Slot number of occasions, the metal disc can be used on the punch or corrosion groove. In the impact type encoder using a metal grating, it is impatient with metal raster impact, so be careful in the use, not to impose the impact directly on the encoder.

    ■ The maximum response frequency (kHz) is the maximum number of pulses that can be responded within 1 second (for example, the maximum response frequency is 2KHz, that is 2000 pulses per second). The formula is as follows: Maximum response speed (rpm) / 60 × ( Pulse number / revolution) = output frequency Hz

    ■ The maximum response speed (r / min) is the maximum speed that can be responded to. The response of the pulse that occurs at this speed is as follows: Maximum response frequency (Hz) /? (Pulses per revolution) x 60 =

    ■ The direction of the hour hand turns from the direction of the encoder shaft head to the same direction of rotation as the hour hand. (CW) Clockwise (CCW) Counterclockwise

    ■ Output Waveform (? TTL?) The waveform of the output pulse (signal).

    ■ Output signal phase difference The relative time difference between two output pulse waveforms when two- phase output is output.

    ■ Supply voltage (? V) gives the encoder a voltage value that will work properly.

    ■ Output voltage (? VH? VL) refers to the voltage of the output pulse. The output voltage will vary with the output current. The output voltage of each series please refer to the output current characteristics

    ■ Output Resistance (Ω) The output impedance of the output circuit such as complementary output

    ■ Minimum Load Impedance (Ω) The minimum load impedance allowed in the output circuit such as complementary output.

    ■ Time of rising / falling time (uS) Pulses The time when the pulse rises from 10% amplitude to 90% amplitude Decreases from 90% amplitude to 10% amplitude

    ■ Insulation resistance (MΩ) The resistance value between all exposed lines of the encoder and the housing. ■ Bypass capacitors, shunt capacitors Capacitors applied between the rotary encoder circuit 0V and the main body of the encoder

    ■ Approximate Sine Waves Similar sine wave shaped analog signals, also known as quasi-sine waves, are provided for interpolation and stability over a low speed range.

    ■ Amplitude (V) The average of the two amplitudes of the approximate sine wave output

    ■ Bias (V) The DC component of a signal that is approximately sinusoidal

    ■ Pulse Oscillation (V) The amount of change in the amplitude of the sine wave output.

    ■ Pole Frequency (kHz) The frequency at which the amplitude of the output is damped by 3dB at the approximate sine wave output.

    ■ interpolation interpolation interpolation, the use of approximation of the sine wave to each cycle of analog segmentation method

    ■ UVW signal Motor brushless phase difference 120 of the three signals (electrical angle)

    ■ Bearing life (h) The bearing life is inversely proportional to the input shaft load. The axial load is the axial load. Both loads are the allowed dynamic loads when the shaft is rotating

    ■ Axial series (mm) refers to the amount of forward and backward movement of the motor shaft, etc., from the state after installation coding.

    ■ Radial runout (mm) refers to the amount of deviation of the motor (2 times the amount of eccentricity)

    ■ End face runout (mm) Fix the shaft so that the end face of the flange surface such as the motor will swing when the flange surface rotates.

    ■ TIR The full width (degrees) reading indicated when using a dial indicator such as a dial indicator.

    ■ Starting torque (N.m) Rotates the encoder shaft that is at rest by the necessary torque. Under normal circumstances, the torque in operation is smaller than the starting torque.

    ■ Allowable angular acceleration (rad / s2) The angular acceleration is the amount of increase in angle (rad) per unit time

    ■ Allowable shaft load (N) indicates the maximum load that can be added to the shaft, with both radial and axial load. Radial load for the shaft, is the vertical direction, the force and eccentric declination and other related; axial load on the axis, the horizontal direction, the force and the push-pull shaft force. The size of these two forces affects the mechanical life of the shaft

    ■ Moment of inertia of the shaft (kg.m2) This value indicates the inertia of the rotary shaft and the resistance to changes in rotational speed

    ■ Speed (rpm) This speed indicates the mechanical load limit of the encoder. If this limit is exceeded, the bearing life will be negatively affected and in addition the signal may be interrupted.

    ■ Gray Gray codes are advanced data and are safe because they are unit distances and cyclic codes. Only one change per step. Data processing, Gray code to be converted into binary code.

    ■ Current Consumption (mA) Supplied to Encoder Standard The maximum encoder operating current measured at the mains voltage

    ■ Allowing the injection current (mA) Voltage output, open-collector output circuit allows the current flowing into the encoder?

    ■ Operating temperature (℃) Ambient temperature that meets the parameter, which indicates the external temperature and the temperature of the mounting section (flange shaft)

    ■ Storage temperature (℃) Do not cause deterioration of rotary encoder function Ambient temperature (no power)

    ■ Impact resistance (m / s2) Type Evaluation test, the right side of the impact test, and start passing, that acceleration. Conditions: Shock Wave ??? Sine half-wave Impact direction  XYZ direction Impact times Each direction 2 times, (6 times)

    ■ Vibration Resistance (m / s2) Type Evaluation Test, the right side of the impact test, and start passing, said the acceleration. Conditions:? Vibration 10Hz-200Hz  Scan period 10 minutes Vibration direction  XYZ direction Vibration time  2 hours in all directions (total 6 hours)

    ■ Accuracy (rad) The difference between the swing angle and the theoretical swing angle obtained by adding the number of output pulses

    ■ Cycle Error (rad) The difference between the number of output pulses and the number of theoretical pulses

    ■ Adjacent Period Error (rad) The difference between adjacent cycles

    ■ Output code system includes: Natural binary code Natural binary code Gray code Cyclic binary code Yu Gray code For a rotation of the sub-degree is not a power of 2 cyclic binary code. BCD code ??? 2 - Decimal symbols: The lines of the decimal symbol are individually converted to symbols of binary symbols Positive logic symbol 1 is high 0 is low

    ■ Negative logic 0 is high - 1 is low

    ■ Transmission Distance Pulse signal transmission distance related to the following factors, the frequency, the output circuit, the input circuit, the transmission line, the transmission frequency Q. Encoder installation precautions
  • Absolute Encoder
    1) What is the difference between single-phase rotation and multiple rotation? Single-phase rotation: the encoder rotary axis range of a split, rotary 1 week after the initial data can be displayed, so a total of a few times can not be judged. Multiple rotations are: The number of revolutions of the encoder’s axis is counted, and in the event of a power failure, it also has the function of counting the revolutions of the encoder’s axis.

    (2) into the binary output, under what circumstances can read data? Only limited to the absolute encoder, read data in two ways: In the output signal is read when the level of conversion is static and read the data in a certain period of time is the law. From the detection accuracy point of view, the use of static method is more accurate, but if the use of dynamic methods can shorten the read cycle and can reach the same precision with the static method.

    (3) multiple rotary absolute encoder, the power failure, the rotation of the data can be added? When the maximum number of revolutions described in the manual is less than the maximum number of revolutions, the data at power failure can be added.

    (4) How to reset the data of absolute encoder? Single-phase rotary is unable to reset the data. But can accept annunciator, any data can be set to 0, the effect is the same as reset. Rotary number of times the number of rotary data, you can enter the reset signal to reset. Two-way communication model (our company’s ASE, ASF), etc., but also set the data in advance.

    (5) What is the cause of an error when the encoder reads data? Wrong wiring possible. If it is on a regular basis, it may be affected by the noise, it is recommended to read multiple times.
  • Precautions For Correct Use of Rotary Encoders
    First, the mechanical aspects

    (1) Solid shaft: 1.1 Encoder shaft and the user-side output shaft should be flexible between the soft connection to avoid the user’s shaft string, beating, resulting the damage of the encoder shaft and encoder. 1.2 installation should pay attention to the allowable shaft load, must not exceed the limit load. 1.3 Should ensure that the encoder shaft and the user output shaft of different axis <0.20mm, with the axis of the declination <1.5 °. 1.4 Hit and collide are forbidden for installation, in order to avoid the damage of encoder shaft and encoder.

    (2) hollow shaft categories: 2.1 To avoid contact with the encoder steel, plate springs should be used. 2.2 Please pay attention to the installation of the shaft load, the encoder should be gently pushed into the sleeve shaft, using cone to hit is strictly prohibited, so as not to damage the shaft and encoder. 2.3 The installation shaft must meet the following requirements: Axial series <0.5mm Radial runout <0.1mm End runout <0.1mm. 2.4 long-term use, please check the plate spring on the encoder is loose; fixed encoder screw is loose.

    Second, the electrical aspects

    (1) Please do not enclose the output line of encoder and power line or the like in the same pipe, and should not be used in the vicinity of distribution panel.

    (2) Shielded cable should be used when wiring.

    (3) should be carefully checked before starting, the wiring is correct.

    (4) long-distance transmission, signal attenuation factors should be considered, the choice of low output impedance, anti-interference ability of the output.

    (5) Be careful not to exceed the limit speed of the encoder. If it exceeds the limit speed, the electrical signal may be lost.

    Third, the environment

    (1) Because the encoder is a precision instrument, it should be noted that there is no vibration source around.

    (2) Encoders that are not leak-proof structures Do not splash water, oil, etc., and attach a protective cover if necessary.

    (3) Please pay attention to whether the ambient temperature and humidity are within the requirements of the instrument.
  • Precautions For Correct Use of Rotary Encoders
    First, the mechanical aspects

    (1) Solid shaft: 1.1 Encoder shaft and the user-side output shaft should be flexible between the soft connection to avoid the user’s shaft string, beating, resulting the damage of the encoder shaft and encoder. 1.2 installation should pay attention to the allowable shaft load, must not exceed the limit load. 1.3 Should ensure that the encoder shaft and the user output shaft of different axis <0.20mm, with the axis of the declination <1.5 °. 1.4 Hit and collide are forbidden for installation, in order to avoid the damage of encoder shaft and encoder.

    (2) hollow shaft categories: 2.1 To avoid contact with the encoder steel, plate springs should be used. 2.2 Please pay attention to the installation of the shaft load, the encoder should be gently pushed into the sleeve shaft, using cone to hit is strictly prohibited, so as not to damage the shaft and encoder. 2.3 The installation shaft must meet the following requirements: Axial series <0.5mm Radial runout <0.1mm End runout <0.1mm. 2.4 long-term use, please check the plate spring on the encoder is loose; fixed encoder screw is loose.

    Second, the electrical aspects

    (1) Please do not enclose the output line of encoder and power line or the like in the same pipe, and should not be used in the vicinity of distribution panel.

    (2) Shielded cable should be used when wiring.

    (3) should be carefully checked before starting, the wiring is correct.

    (4) long-distance transmission, signal attenuation factors should be considered, the choice of low output impedance, anti-interference ability of the output.

    (5) Be careful not to exceed the limit speed of the encoder. If it exceeds the limit speed, the electrical signal may be lost.

    Third, the environment

    (1) Because the encoder is a precision instrument, it should be noted that there is no vibration source around.

    (2) Encoders that are not leak-proof structures Do not splash water, oil, etc., and attach a protective cover if necessary.

    (3) Please pay attention to whether the ambient temperature and humidity are within the requirements of the instrument.
  • Incremental Rotary Encoder
    (1) Is there any way to check if the incremental encoder pulse leaks? The pulse from the origin position to the next origin position is counted to check whether the pulse leaks. In addition to the encoder rotation speed, but also the magnitude of the pulse measured to determine whether the pulse leakage.

    (2) Incremental Encoder counting error causes what? There are several possibilities for counting errors. First, there is a runaway between the encoder shaft and the drive, resulting in a count error. At this time there will be on a regular basis a large number of count errors. Second, counting errors can occur due to noise and other effects. This is also on a regular basis, but only a small amount of technical errors can be considered as being affected by noises.

    (3) Only encoder can determine the location of the origin? Z signal under what circumstances the output If the Incremental encoder has a Z signal, the origin position can be determined In order to match the encoder’s counting position with the origin, follow the A, B, and Z signal theory when determining the origin position. Example: Absolute Encoder can set the origin anywhere
  • Measuring accuracy
  • Standard measuring step
  • surroundings of encoder
  • suggestion for signal wire of encoder
  • Mechanical design types and mounting
    旋轉編碼器類型和安裝
  • IRH / IRT3 Encoder mounting
    IRH / IRT3 編碼器
  • IRH5 Encoder mounting
  • IRM3 Encoder mounting
    IRM3 編碼器安裝
  • Encoder Terminology 1
  • Encoder Terminology 2
  • Encoder Terminology 3